Disrupted Devotion and Virtual Altars :

Liturgical Dynamics in Full Gospel Church During COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 epidemic significantly altered religious traditions globally, compelling churches to swiftly transition from conventional in-person assemblies to digital platforms. The Full Gospel Church (FGC) congregants and leaders in Thohoyandou, South Africa, grounded in Pentecostal traditions that prioritise embodied worship, communal fellowship, and the theology of presence, encountered spiritual, technological, and theological obstacles throughout the shift to virtual worship. The research employed a qualitative case study design, collecting data via semi-structured interviews with twenty participants, comprising church leaders and members. The data indicates a dual response: although virtual liturgy maintained spiritual continuity throughout the lockdown, it concurrently led to a notable decrease in spiritual intimacy, particularly among rural and elderly individuals with restricted technological access. The theological ramifications, especially the cessation of sacraments like holy communion and baptism, prompted essential enquiries into the legitimacy and manifestation of digital worship. Church leaders utilised digital literacy and pastoral agility to maintain connections with members. The research ultimately contributes to ongoing theological discussions over the future of worship in a post-pandemic society, especially within African Pentecostal congregations. It emphasises the significance of contextual theology in addressing the convergence of faith, technology, and crises.